1. Axial Skeleton (80 Bones)
It forms the central structure of the body, including the skull, spine, and rib cage.
Skull (22 Bones) – Protects the brain and supports the face.
Ear Ossicles (6 Bones) – Tiny bones in the middle ear (Malleus, Incus, and Stapes in each ear).
Hyoid Bone (1 Bone) – Located in the neck, supports the tongue.
Vertebral Column (26 Bones) – The spine, consisting of cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.
Ribs and Sternum (25 Bones) – Protect the heart and lungs.
2. Appendicular Skeleton (126 Bones)
It includes the bones of the limbs and girdles that connect them to the axial skeleton.
Upper Limbs (64 Bones)
Shoulder Girdle: Clavicle (Collarbone) – 2, Scapula (Shoulder blade) – 2
Arms: Humerus (Upper arm) – 2
Forearms: Radius – 2, Ulna – 2
Hands: Carpals (Wrist bones) – 16, Metacarpals (Palm bones) – 10, Phalanges (Finger bones) – 28
Lower Limbs (62 Bones)
Pelvic Girdle: Hip bones (Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis) – 2
Legs: Femur (Thigh bone) – 2 (Strongest bone)
Kneecap: Patella – 2
Lower legs: Tibia – 2, Fibula – 2
Feet: Tarsals (Ankle bones) – 14, Metatarsals (Foot bones) – 10, Phalanges (Toe bones) – 28
Types of Bones
1. Long Bones – Found in arms and legs (e.g., Femur, Humerus).
2. Short Bones – Found in wrists and ankles (e.g., Carpals, Tarsals).
3. Flat Bones – Protect organs (e.g., Skull, Ribs, Sternum).
4. Irregular Bones – Complex shapes (e.g., Vertebrae, Hip bones).
5. Sesamoid Bones – Embedded in tendons (e.g., Patella).
Functions of Bones
Support – Forms the body's framework.
Protection – Shields vital organs (e.g., Skull protects the brain, ribs protect the heart).
Movement – Works with muscles for mobility.
Blood Cell Production – Bone marrow produces red and white blood cells.
Mineral Storage – Stores calcium and phosphorus.